What is the role of coenzymes in enzymatic reactions?

Coenzymes play a crucial role in enzymatic reactions by assisting enzymes in facilitating biochemical transformations. They typically function as intermediate carriers of electrons, specific atoms, or functional groups that are transferred in the course of the enzymatic reaction. This process is essential for the enzyme to catalyze reactions efficiently.

Many enzymes require coenzymes to achieve their full catalytic potential, as these molecules may not only enhance the reaction rate but also enable the enzyme to act on a broader range of substrates. For instance, coenzymes can help in the transfer of functional groups, such as phosphate or methyl groups, between substrates, allowing for complex metabolic pathways to proceed with precision.

Being distinct from substrates, coenzymes do not get consumed in the reaction and can be used repeatedly. This characteristic differentiates them from substrates, which are transformed during the reaction, and from inhibitors that would hinder enzyme activity. Additionally, while some enzymes may bind tightly to their coenzymes, this binding does not result in a permanent alteration like that of a permanent inhibitor to the active site. Instead, coenzymes can dissociate and participate in multiple cycles of enzymatic reaction. Thus, the key role of coenzymes is their function in facilitating the transfer of chemical groups,