What is the function of a molecular chaperone?

Molecular chaperones play a crucial role in assisting the proper folding and assembly of proteins. They are specialized proteins that ensure that other proteins attain their correct three-dimensional structure, which is essential for their functionality. Proteins often need to fold into specific shapes to interact properly with other molecules or to perform their designated roles in the cell. Molecular chaperones prevent misfolding and aggregation that can occur during the synthesis of new polypeptide chains, as well as during stress conditions, like heat shock.

Chaperones do not function to break down misfolded proteins or transport them across cell membranes, nor are they directly involved in the processes taking place in lysosomes for protein degradation. Their primary focus is on promoting proper folding and preventing the formation of incorrect protein structures, thereby maintaining cellular health and function.